MOSCOW, 26 March 2025. Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM) presents the findings of a survey commissioned by START online cinema and conducted among Russians; the reason for conducting the survey was the premiere of the TV series “Dangerous closeness”.
All that is secret becomes clear
Three quarters of Russians think that there is cheating in their circle; 26% say it is commonplace. Compared with previous surveys, cheating has become more common: 55–60% in 2007 and 2023 vs 74% this year. Simultaneously, the number of those respondents who consider infidelity to be rare or non-existent has decreased 2.5-fold (from 32% in 2023 to 13% in 2025).
The findings confirm these trends: four in ten respondents (39%) are confident that cheating has become more popular; and only 9% say the opposite. Almost half of respondents (41%) say there are women among their friends and acquaintances who have relationships with married men; a third of respondents (35%) point out men who have relationships with married women (men often point to unfaithful men, women often mention unfaithful women).
Forty-two percent of respondents report to have been cheated; 37% have cheated themselves. At the same time, women more often report to be cheated (52% vs 31% among men); whereas men often confess to infidelity (41% vs 34%). Moreover, married men are more likely to point it out than married women (45% of married men versus 28% of married women).
However, the situation varies significantly across different gender and age groups: infidelity is common among the under-35 women and the over-35 men, the older the men the more unfaithful they are. Remarkably, female cheating after 35 grows very slowly, whereas male cheating over the same period grows multiple times; there is a two-fold increase between the 25-34 age period and 35-44 age period (+17 p.p.), a 1.3-fold increase between the 35-44 and 45-59 age groups (+10 p.p.) and a 1.3-fold increase between the 45-59 and the 60+ age groups (+15 p.p.).
On dating websites
Cheating is ranked second in the list of reasons behind divorces, but women rank it first. Thus, a question arises as to where and how infidelity starts. One of the answers is dating platforms, which are also symptomatic of marital dissatisfaction and act as a tool enabling finding a partner for cheating.
About half of Russians report to have used dating websites and apps or admit using them in the future (49%); this percentage is high among Zoomers (82%) and high enough amongst older generation (28% amongst Stagnation generation), meaning that digital transformation of dating is under way.
Five percent of men in relationships (not married) say they use dating platforms; a further 7% say they may start using them in the future (2% and 6% of women, respectively).
Why do people cheat?
According to Russians, causes of infidelity are numerous, however it is triggered by certain factors, more precisely, deficits such as sexual dissatisfaction, emotional dissatisfaction, dissatisfaction with the quality of communication with the partner and distance from the partner. Another important group of factors are psychological and personal, as well as the lack of shared time together. External reasons were mentioned rarely.
The other partner’s cheating affair is one of the key contributing factors to infidelity. It can produce a chain reaction where a single act of cheating triggers reciprocal cheating as revenge, resentment or an attempt to restore justice. It means that infidelity can result from emotional upheaval, revenge or an attempt to maintain dignity. Importantly, this factor is often mentioned by men and respondents who have been married several times.
Gender stereotypes in action: does infidelity strengthen marriage?
Russians are divided in their opinions on who is more prone to cheating: a majority (55%) believes that being prone to cheating is not gender-specific; one-third of respondents (33%) say men cheat more often, and only 4% point out women.
As to age preferences when cheating, 41% think that men would willingly cheat with a woman who is younger than their wife. This may reflect a stereotype that men prefer younger sexy women as it is considered as a symbol of status and success.
According to the findings, women do not have age-related preferences when it comes to infidelity (49%). This might be due to the fact that female infidelity is perceived as an emotional search, rather than physical intimacy. Interestingly, Russians would rather believe that a woman would rather search for a younger lover than a lover older than her husband (16% vs 7%), which may be affected by the media popularity of relationship between an older woman and a younger partner.
A vast majority of Russians do not consider infidelity to be normal, regardless of gender. However, Russians are more tolerant towards male infidelity (9% vs 4% of those who consider it normal). Moreover, men are more likely to consider male infidelity as normal (13% vs 6% of women). Attitudes towards female infidelity is not gender-specific: 92% of Russians do not consider it normal.
Harsh truth or sweet lies?
According to Russians, some extramarital affairs are often revealed by accident or through friends. Honest confession or being caught in act are much less common, proving that the desire to keep the current marital status quo is still strong.
When asked about whether they want to know about infidelity, opinions are divided: 40% would like to know the truth, but 42% would not. Men are more eager to know the truth (46% vs 36% of women), whereas women prefer to be unaware (47% vs 37%), to stay emotionally comfortable and financially stable.
The older the age, the stronger the desire not to know about infidelity (from 5% of Zoomers to 59% of Stagnation generation). Besides that, those who prefer ignorance are often married respondents (49%), and those who have cheated before (52%).
Digital detective
Digitalization caused a new innovation: spying on the partner has become easier today; the only thing you need is to get a password for social media. Every fourth Russian reports to have spied on the partner through social media. It means the issue of jealousy and control in relationships remains a significant concern. However, the number of those who recognize that is 26%; the actual percentage can be much higher, as not everyone is eager to speak openly about it. Those who are curious are often women (30% vs 21% of men) and young Russians (every second Zoomer reports to have done the same).
All-Russian VCIOM-Online online survey was conducted March 10-11. A total of 1,600 respondents aged 18 and older took part in the survey. Survey method: probability-based VCIOM-online online panel. Panel participants are being recruited during daily CATI-based Sputnik survey administered by RDD interviewing from a complete list of phone numbers in use in Russia. The data of all-Russian online survey were weighted for socio-demographic characteristics. The margin of error at a 95% confidence level does not exceed 3.5%. In addition to sampling error, minor changes to the wording of questions and different circumstances arising during the fieldwork can introduce bias into the survey.
In your opinion, how common is infidelity in your city, among people you know, neighbors, acquaintances? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | |||
| 2007* | 2023** | 2025 |
It’s rather common | 27 | 22 | 26 |
It happens but not often | 33 | 33 | 48 |
It happens rarely but it happens | 18 | 32 | 13 |
Don’t know | 22 | 13 | 13 |
* Before 2017, surveys were conducted through household face-to-face interviews (Express project); stratified multi-stage sample, with quotas based on socio-demographic parameters; representative of the Russian population aged 18+, according to type of settlement, gender, age, education and federal district. Sample size: 1,600 respondents.
** Nationwide telephone VCIOM-Sputnik survey. A total of 1,600 respondents aged 18 and older took part in the survey. Survey method: telephone interview, stratified random sample based on a complete list of mobile phone numbers in use in Russia. The data were weighted for socio-demographic characteristics. The margin of error at a 95% confidence level does not exceed 2.5%.
In your opinion, over the recent 10-15 years has marital infidelity become more common, less common or stayed at the same level as before? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Likely more common | 39 | 38 | 40 | 44 | 36 | 38 | 35 | 44 |
Likely less common | 9 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 |
Same as before | 41 | 42 | 41 | 26 | 48 | 44 | 44 | 38 |
Don’t know | 11 | 12 | 10 | 18 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 10 |
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Among my friends there are women who have an affair with a married man |
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Likely agree | 41 | 39 | 43 | 25 | 34 | 43 | 47 | 42 |
Likely disagree | 31 | 30 | 33 | 66 | 49 | 32 | 26 | 20 |
Don’t know | 28 | 31 | 24 | 9 | 17 | 25 | 27 | 38 |
Among my friends there are men who have an affair with a married woman |
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Likely agree | 35 | 38 | 32 | 14 | 21 | 36 | 41 | 39 |
Likely disagree | 34 | 34 | 34 | 71 | 58 | 38 | 28 | 20 |
Don’t know | 31 | 28 | 34 | 15 | 21 | 26 | 31 | 41 |
No one can be protected against cheating. Have you ever been cheated? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Yes, it happened | 42 | 31 | 52 | 26 | 37 | 45 | 45 | 44 |
I’m confident it never happened | 21 | 27 | 15 | 48 | 26 | 21 | 17 | 15 |
It could happen but I know nothing about that | 32 | 34 | 30 | 17 | 32 | 30 | 33 | 36 |
Don’t know | 5 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
Anything can happen. Have you happened to cheat on your partner? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Yes, it happened | 37 | 41 | 34 | 10 | 22 | 34 | 40 | 48 |
No, never | 56 | 51 | 60 | 86 | 74 | 60 | 53 | 42 |
Don’t know / refusal to answer | 7 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 10 |
Do you agree with the following statement: “Regardless of the circumstances I exclude any possibility of marital infidelity” (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Likely agree | 73 | 66 | 78 | 86 | 86 | 75 | 66 | 68 |
Likely disagree | 17 | 22 | 13 | 10 | 9 | 16 | 20 | 21 |
Don’t know | 10 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 11 |
In your opinion, what can be considered cheating? (open-ended question, up to 3 answers, % of total respondents) | |
Sexual/physical cheating, sum of answers | 82 |
Partner’s cheating / intimate relationship with a third person/ having a lover, without partner’s consent | 76 |
Hugs/kisses with a third person | 4 |
Having a second family / extramarital children | 2 |
Emotional/psychological cheating, sum of answers | 26 |
Interest in a third party / active attention to third persons / flirting / attention to a third person, including at work | 18 |
Virtual relationship / social media messaging, without any physical contact with a third party | 5 |
Desire to change partner / to dissolve marriage | 2 |
Feelings disappear | 1 |
Trust-based cheating, sum of answers | 11 |
Lies /deceit / not disclosing information about events in personal life, about contacts with a third party, etc | 5 |
Betrayal | 4 |
Discussing spouse’s shortcomings with third parties | 1 |
Funding a third person | 1 |
Neglecting obligations, sum of answers | 6 |
Irresponsibility, no attention to family values/lack of attention/ no interest in partner’s life | 3 |
No respect for partner | 1 |
No support for partner in hardships | 1 |
Greed / concealment of income | 1 |
Other | 3 |
Don’t know | 14 |
If there was no physical cheating, but the partner has feelings for another person, can you call it cheating, or not? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
It’s cheating | 41 | 31 | 50 | 56 | 50 | 49 | 40 | 31 |
No, it’s not cheating | 44 | 52 | 37 | 36 | 37 | 35 | 43 | 53 |
Don’t know | 15 | 17 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 16 |
In your opinion, in what situations do cheating happen? (open-ended question, up to 5 answers, % of total respondents) | |
Sexual dissatisfaction, sum of answers | 73 |
Physiological (sexual) dissatisfaction | 47 |
Need in newness, sexual variety | 26 |
Emotional dissatisfaction, sum of answers | 72 |
Lack of emotional intimacy (taking care, support, attention) | 47 |
Due to everyday routine | 25 |
Problems of communications and relationships, sum of answers | 71 |
Conflicts, rows | 39 |
The veil of silence, not being ready to discuss problems | 32 |
Distance, sum of answers | 67 |
No common interests | 27 |
Spending time in different companies | 18 |
One or both partners cheated in their previous relationships | 13 |
After the birth of the first child partners got alienated | 9 |
Not enough time spent together, sum of answers | 44 |
One of the partners has too many business trips, trips to other cities | 18 |
Couple does not spend time together (no friends, no kids, no other relatives) | 17 |
One of the partners spends too much time working | 9 |
Psychological and personal factors, sum of answers | 46 |
Partner’s cheating | 22 |
Desire to bolster self-esteem, raise self-esteem | 19 |
One of both partners were registered on a dating platform | 5 |
External factors, sum of answers | 12 |
Big age gap | 9 |
One of the partners earn more | 3 |
Not such factors, it depends on the person | 8 |
Other | 1 |
Don’t know | 3 |
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Both spouses are to blame for cheating |
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Likely agree | 58 | 57 | 58 | 30 | 42 | 56 | 63 | 65 |
Likely disagree | 34 | 33 | 36 | 62 | 48 | 36 | 29 | 27 |
Don’t know | 8 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
If there are no emotions, feelings in a marriage, it can be found with someone else | ||||||||
Likely agree | 15 | 20 | 12 | 14 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 19 |
Likely disagree | 73 | 67 | 79 | 79 | 86 | 79 | 70 | 67 |
Don’t know | 12 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 14 |
Cheating is possible if both partners agree on open relationship | ||||||||
Likely agree | 51 | 51 | 50 | 82 | 71 | 52 | 46 | 39 |
Likely disagree | 33 | 34 | 33 | 12 | 21 | 33 | 36 | 41 |
Don’t know | 16 | 15 | 17 | 6 | 8 | 15 | 18 | 20 |
You can forgive your partner for an unintentional cheating | ||||||||
Likely agree | 39 | 37 | 41 | 16 | 18 | 24 | 43 | 59 |
Likely disagree | 44 | 47 | 41 | 75 | 68 | 59 | 39 | 22 |
Don’t know | 17 | 16 | 18 | 9 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 19 |
If your partner cheated on you once you need to forgive him/her | ||||||||
Likely agree | 37 | 34 | 40 | 14 | 18 | 22 | 38 | 59 |
Likely disagree | 38 | 41 | 36 | 71 | 58 | 49 | 34 | 20 |
Don’t know | 25 | 25 | 24 | 15 | 24 | 29 | 28 | 21 |
Cheating while intoxicated is an accident, and it's not worth getting divorced | ||||||||
Likely agree | 29 | 27 | 30 | 14 | 11 | 16 | 31 | 45 |
Likely disagree | 55 | 59 | 52 | 82 | 79 | 68 | 51 | 35 |
Don’t know | 16 | 14 | 18 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
Divorce is the only way out after cheating | ||||||||
Likely agree | 31 | 35 | 28 | 50 | 49 | 40 | 25 | 19 |
Likely disagree | 49 | 48 | 51 | 31 | 36 | 43 | 53 | 60 |
Don’t know | 20 | 17 | 21 | 19 | 15 | 17 | 22 | 21 |
In your opinion, who is more prone to cheat – women or men, or both? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Men | 33 | 24 | 40 | 44 | 30 | 30 | 27 | 37 |
Women | 4 | 8 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
Both | 55 | 58 | 52 | 39 | 60 | 58 | 61 | 51 |
Don’t know | 8 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 9 |
If the spouses are the same age, the man is more likely to cheat with a woman (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Who is younger than his wife | 41 | 42 | 40 | 54 | 49 | 40 | 41 | 37 |
Who is the same age as his wife | 3 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
Who is older than his wife | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Age is not important | 46 | 43 | 49 | 31 | 43 | 46 | 46 | 51 |
Don’t know | 9 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 8 |
If the spouses are the same age, the woman is more likely to cheat with a man… (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Who is younger than the husband | 16 | 20 | 13 | 20 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 17 |
Who is the same age as her husband | 14 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 13 |
Who is older than her husband | 7 | 7 | 7 | 26 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
Age is not important | 49 | 43 | 54 | 28 | 49 | 49 | 51 | 52 |
Don’t know | 14 | 17 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 14 |
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Female marital infidelity is commonplace |
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Likely agree | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
Likely disagree | 92 | 92 | 92 | 95 | 94 | 93 | 89 | 92 |
Don’t know | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
Male marital infidelity is commonplace | ||||||||
Likely agree | 9 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 12 |
Likely disagree | 86 | 80 | 90 | 95 | 92 | 89 | 82 | 82 |
Don’t know | 5 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
Men by their nature cannot be faithful | ||||||||
Likely agree | 25 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 9 | 21 | 29 | 36 |
Likely disagree | 67 | 65 | 69 | 90 | 85 | 74 | 62 | 56 |
Don’t know | 8 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 8 |
In your opinion, what is the most common way to discover infidelity? (close-ended question, up to 2 answers, % of total respondents) | |
Accidentally (correspondence, calls, rumors, etc) | 80 |
Friends told about it | 42 |
Caught in the act | 21 |
The partner confessed voluntarily | 20 |
Other | 1 |
Don’t know | 5 |
If you admit that your partner has cheated on you, would you prefer to know about that or not to know anything? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
To know | 40 | 46 | 36 | 88 | 61 | 51 | 31 | 24 |
Not to know | 42 | 37 | 47 | 5 | 26 | 29 | 50 | 59 |
Don’t know | 16 | 16 | 16 | 7 | 10 | 19 | 17 | 16 |
Refusal to answer | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
In our opinion, what makes people get divorced most often? No more than 3 reasons. (open-ended question, up to 3 answers, % of total respondents, top 10 answers) | |||
| Total | Male | Female |
Poverty, no job, inability to provide for the family | 35 | 34 | 35 |
Partner’s infidelity | 33 | 26 | 39 |
Different characters, different views/ interests / goals | 20 | 19 | 20 |
Misunderstanding / claims / poor relationships / disrespect / not being able to talk to each other / to hear each other | 16 | 13 | 19 |
Partner’s alcoholism, drug addiction | 13 | 7 | 18 |
Daily quarrels | 10 | 9 | 11 |
No housing in possession | 6 | 7 | 6 |
Fast/not-thought-through marriage | 6 | 7 | 5 |
Hypocrisy / self-love / pride / inflated self-esteem / selfishness / consumer attitude | 6 | 4 | 7 |
Lack of responsibility, no attention to family values/ difference | 6 | 3 | 8 |
Other | 6 | 7 | 4 |
Don’t know | 11 | 15 | 8 |
Have you ever used dating sites, apps? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
I used to use them, not anymore | 36 | 38 | 35 | 61 | 59 | 47 | 31 | 21 |
I’m using them now | 4 | 6 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
I don’t use them, but I admit using them in the future | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 5 |
I don’t use them, and I don’t think I’ll ever use them in the future | 48 | 44 | 52 | 18 | 29 | 33 | 52 | 69 |
Don’t know | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
In your opinion, why do men register with dating sites and apps? (close-ended question, up to 3 answers, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
To find a partner for sexual relationship | 53 | 54 | 52 | 87 | 63 | 63 | 49 | 39 |
For flirting, leisure | 42 | 37 | 47 | 51 | 43 | 42 | 44 | 39 |
To find a partner for life | 28 | 35 | 22 | 21 | 34 | 31 | 24 | 29 |
To find a lover | 26 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 37 | 32 | 27 | 19 |
To find new friends who share similar hobbies | 7 | 8 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
To find clients for their services | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Don’t know | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 12 |
In your opinion, why do women register with dating sites and apps? (close-ended question, up to 3 answers, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
To find a partner for life | 70 | 60 | 78 | 65 | 68 | 71 | 67 | 73 |
For flirting, leisure | 33 | 34 | 33 | 43 | 51 | 43 | 26 | 25 |
To find a partner for sexual relationship | 24 | 30 | 20 | 40 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 18 |
To find a lover | 15 | 20 | 10 | 12 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 10 |
To find new friends who share similar hobbies | 10 | 8 | 12 | 28 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
To find clients for their services | 5 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
Other | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Don’t know | 7 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 8 |
Have you ever spied on your partner through social media, or not? (close-ended question, one answer, % of total respondents) | ||||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Digital generation (2001 and later) | Younger Millennials (1992—2000) | Older Millennials (1982—1991) | Reform generation (1968—1981) | Stagnation generation (1948—1967) |
Yes | 26 | 21 | 30 | 52 | 38 | 39 | 23 | 10 |
No | 72 | 76 | 69 | 43 | 59 | 58 | 75 | 89 |
Don’t know | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Author: Tatyana Smak