What comes to your mind first when you hear the word “Russia”? What associations do you have?

(open-ended question, up to 3 answers, % of total respondents, answers of at least 1% of respondents)

Total respondents 

Aged 18 – 29

Aged 30 – 39

Aged 40 – 49

Aged 50 – 59

Aged 60+

My motherland / my country / my land / I was born and live in Russia

31

27

28

28

35

34

It evokes the feeling of pride and patriotism / great power

29

11

21

29

31

37

Big country / vast territory

9

6

13

10

8

5

Strong army / Military capability / powerful state

7

7

6

9

7

6

Poverty / misery / low living standards

6

8

10

6

3

3

Kind people / good people / great Russian people

4

2

4

3

4

3

Hope for a bright future / confidence

4

3

5

3

5

5

Rich in natural resources

3

4

4

3

2

2

Sympathy / bitterness / pain / shame

3

3

3

1

4

4

Corruption / bribes / thievery

3

9

7

4

1

1

Multinational country / unity of peoples

3

6

4

4

3

1

Forests / fields / rivers / beautiful nature

3

8

4

2

3

1

Love for the country and its people

3

3

0

2

4

6

I like the president / gratitude to Putin

3

6

2

4

3

2

Great Russian history

2

0

2

1

3

1

Position and image in the international arena

2

1

2

2

2

2

Coat of arms / flag / anthem

2

4

3

2

2

1

Criticism addressed to the government

2

4

2

1

3

1

Disorder / lawlessness / despair / injustice

2

2

4

4

2

1

Memories of the USSR

2

1

0

2

2

2

Calmness and protection / reliability / stability 

2

0

1

1

2

3

For peace all over the globe / no war

2

0

2

2

1

3

Victory in the Great Patriotic War (WWII)

1

1

1

1

2

2

Sport / sport achievement

1

1

1

0

1

0

Assistance to other states

1

0

0

2

0

0

Anxiety and concerns

1

0

1

0

0

2

Birches / Matryoshka / Balalaika / bears

1

4

0

3

0

0

Alcoholism, excessive drinking

1

7

0

0

0

0

Gap between the rich and the poor

1

2

1

0

0

1

Government does not care about people

1

1

1

1

1

1

Moscow / Kremlin / Red Square

1

0

1

2

2

0

Unemployment

1

6

2

1

0

0

Lack of confidence in the future / Going in the wrong direction

1

0

1

0

1

1

No road repairs and construction

1

3

2

1

1

1

Justice / responsibility

1

1

2

1

0

1

Decline in the country / the country is falling to pieces

1

0

1

2

2

1

We live decently / welfare / right internal policies

1

0

0

0

2

2

Culture  / creativity / achievements in science

1

3

1

2

0

1

Pension reform

1

1

0

1

1

0

Problems in health care / education

1

1

2

2

0

1

Positive emotions / warm feelings / joy

1

0

0

0

1

2

Other

6

6

10

6

3

7

Don’t know

14

19

20

15

12

12

What is the symbol of Russia for you?

 (open-ended question, up to 3 answers,  answers of at least 1% of respondents)

Total respondents 

Official symbols (coat of arms, flag, anthem)

16

People, its unity, cohesion, multinational country

16

Nature  / Animals

9

Motherland, home, my city / love for motherland

6

Power, grandeur

5

Large territory

4

Bear

4

Putin

4

Cultural heritage

4

Birch

3

Moscow Kremlin, Red Square , Kremlin stars

3

Natural resources (oil, gas, adamants, etc.)

3

Moscow

3

Army and fleet / military topic

3

Kindness / friendship /

3

History

2

Orthodoxy

2

Peace

2

Victory

2

Freedom, independence, justice. Stability

2

Family, children

2

Pride for the country

1

USSR, Stalin

1

Tzars, princes

1

Space science

1

Hero cities

1

Outstanding personalities

1

Other

5

Don’t know

36

What evokes the feeling of pride in the modern Russia in you?  

 (open-ended question, up to 3 answers, answers of at least 1% of respondents)

Total respondents 

Army / Fleet / Arms / Military capability

20

People / Nation’s  unity / national features

14

Sport development / athletes’ victories

8

Foreign policy / Attitudes towards Russia

7

Our president / Putin’s activity

6

Strong, independent, invincible, great country

5

Active and initiative youth / young generation

4

Crimea was returned / Crimean Bridge

3

Space industry / space exploration

3

Achievements in science and technologies

3

Large territory / forests / fields / beauty of nature

3

Victory in the WWII/ WWII veterans

2

Art / Architecture / Culture

2

Russian history

2

Patriotic upbringing / love for the Motherland

2

The country is developing and thriving despite everything

2

I live in Russia

1

Talented and outstanding personalities

1

Living standards have increased

1

Affordable education / level of education

1

Natural resources

1

Immortal Regiment action and Victory Day Parade

1

Revival of production and agriculture

1

Russia was able to revive after the 1990s crisis  

1

Assistance to other states

1

Economic development

1

No war  / peaceful policy   

1

Urban beautification / infrastructure development

1

Stability / Calmness / Confidence in the future

1

Internal policies

1

Social policy

1

Medicine and education

1

Government  / Government members

1

Orthodoxy and belief

1

I am proud of everything

1

Nothing

12

Other

2

Don’t know

25